How China Could Beat The U.S. To Nuclear Fusion, As AI Power Needs Surge

随着人工智能对能源的需求激增，中国如何能在核聚变领域击败美国

Despite decades of U.S. leadership in nuclear fusion, China is now spending twice as much and building projects faster to beat the U.S. to commercial fusion power. The elusive, limitless, clean energy source has seen a rapid influx of private funds as AI power demands surge, with billions from the likes of OpenAI's Sam Altman, Microsoft and Google. But Satellite images show China is rapidly building giant new fusion projects, while cornering the supply chain and talent pool to get there first.

尽管美国在核聚变领域占据了数十年的领先地位，但如今中国在该领域的投入是美国的两倍，并且正在以更快的速度推进相关项目建设，力求先于美国实现商业核聚变发电。

随着人工智能对能源的需求大幅增长，这种难以实现却又无限、清洁的能源吸引了大量私人资金的迅速涌入，其中包括来自OpenAI的山姆·奥尔特曼（Sam Altman）以及微软、谷歌等投入的数十亿美元。

不过，卫星图像显示，中国正在迅速建设大型的新型核聚变项目，同时还在掌控供应链和人才资源，以图率先实现核聚变的商业应用。

以下是外国网友的评论：

alexssvetrev
I really strongly dislike this american attitude of if we can't do it, we must make sure China can't either.

我真的非常厌恶美国的这种态度，他们自己做不到，却一定要确保中国也做不到。

valmiro4164
That has always been their attitude. They whine and complain when they're about to be overtaken then justify it with when they push back. They've done it with Japan, they're doing it again with China. They keep saying they don't mind competition but actually act the complete opposite.

他们一直是这样的态度，即将被超越时，就会发牢骚、抱怨，然后采取打压行动，为自己找借口。他们曾经对日本这么做过，现在又对中国故技重施。他们一直说不介意竞争，实际却完全相反。

xXLostSymbolXx
What’s with some of the weird opinions from the interviewees?
“In the wrong hands”, implying revolutionary green energy that would probably save the world is bad if someone else finds it?
The guy comparing China to the USSR, saying China doesn’t invent or innovate, just build quick and lots, implying low quality?
Feels more like insecure US political pundits than actual scientists or energy experts

“落入坏人之手”，这岂不是在暗示，本有可能拯救世界的革命性绿色能源，要是被别人掌握了就成坏事了？

还有人把中国和苏联相提并论，说中国不搞发明创新，只会快速且大量地建造，言下之意是质量不高？

这些人给人的感觉更像是内心不安的美国政治评论员，而不像是真正的科学家或能源专家。

muhammadoulamindarboe9463
I don't understand why you people try to put everything negative about whetever technology chinese come up with

我不明白，为什么你们这些人总是试图给中国研发出的任何技术都贴上负面标签。

Larry-Lobster
American insecurity

这就是美国的不安全感作祟。

Gen-w9p
Because it's made in China and not the USA.

因为这是中国制造的，而不是美国制造的。

myintmaunmaun
China supports green energy, and US imposes tariffs on green energy

中国支持绿色能源，而美国却对绿色能源征收关税。

josephhaggar422
Because china doesn’t have the largest oil reserves on the planet !

因为中国没有全球最大的石油储备量呀！

pm5187
This isn’t a problem. He will just put a tariff on fusion. A big beautiful tariff.

这不是什么问题。美国只会对核聚变技术征收关税。而且会是一笔数额巨大、“美妙至极” 的关税。

LemalueMarcel
In 20 years, there will be an unclassified document saying this video was sponsored by the CIA

二十年后，可能会有一份解密文件显示，这个内容是由美国中央情报局（CIA）赞助的。

meanlife7358
Jealousy can't solve your problem

嫉妒并不能解决你们的问题。

Alee20300
Help me understand this. How is it bad thing if china is building it before USA. If most polluting country goes green, isn’t it a good thing?

帮我理解一下。如果中国比美国先建成核聚变相关项目，这怎么就成坏事了呢？如果世界上污染最严重的国家走向绿色发展之路，这难道不是一件好事吗？

Lucas-hb1uq
When billionaires invest in things like this, it’s because they want to profit from it. When countries invest in things like this, it’s for the benefit of their country

当亿万富翁投资这类项目时，是因为他们想从中获利。而当国家投资这类项目时，是为了国家的利益。

randomguy7175
Why should US alone succeed in everything

为什么美国就该在所有事情上都独获成功呢？

qaz120120
I don't think China sees it as a race.

我认为中国并不把核聚变发展看作是一场竞赛。

skyscraperfan
What be so bad, if China developed nuclear fusion first? I think it would be much better for the world, because if private companies in the US hold all the patents, they will want to monetize them

如果中国率先开发出核聚变技术，那又有什么不好呢？我觉得这对世界来说会好得多，因为如果美国的私营企业掌握了所有相关专利，他们就会想着将其货币化，从中获利。

maxejohnson8356
So The Chinese build something new, and the respond from the US is "uh, we have no idea how safe is the China thing is, but 100% sure it is not and we can't do that cuz China bad". And then the classic "muh China copied us", how do you know they copied you? Also why is that a problem, you are the pioneer, you should understand your design better than a copy cat, you still have the edge, or is this an excuse when China does the same thing and actually get result in the future?

所以，当中国研发出新东西时，美国的回应却是 “呃，我们不知道中国这东西安不安全，但百分之百肯定它不安全，而且我们不能这么做，因为中国不行”。然后就是那句经典的 “哼，中国抄袭我们”，你怎么就知道他们抄袭你了呢？再说了，这又有什么问题呢，你是先行者，你应该比一个模仿者更了解自己的设计呀，你依然有优势，还是说，这是当中国未来真的做成了同样的事情并取得成果时，你们找的借口呢？

Forex_Uncovered
China spending twice as much on innovation, US spending twice as much on the military LOL

中国在创新方面的投入是美国的两倍，而美国在军事方面的投入却是中国的两倍，哈哈。

matthewcoreyhall
well, to be fair, many of the big innovations of the last 100 years have come from the competition between countries, often framed by the possibility or actual war. World War 2, the Cold War / Space Race, all ofc had a big military component. China and the US will leverage this technology for military purposes. It's not a binary difference, you leaving out tons of nuance.

嗯，公平地说，过去一百年里的许多重大创新都源于国家之间的竞争，而且往往与战争的可能性或实际发生的战争相关。第二次世界大战、冷战以及太空竞赛，这些当然都包含很大的军事因素。中国和美国都会将这项核聚变技术用于军事目的。这并不是简单的二元对立差异，你忽略了很多细微之处。

ichen85
You are way too optimistic. The reality is "military cost twice+ as much in US".
There is a difference between spending and cost. Because the Chinese air force is literally get their J-20 at manufacturing cost with all parts from another domestic manufacturer (and if it is a state owned enterprise, then at material cost).
The same can't be said about US.

你太乐观了。现实情况是 “美国的军事成本是中国的两倍还多”。

投入和成本是有区别的。中国空军获取歼 - 20战机的成本基本就是制造成本，而且所有零部件都来自国内的其他制造商（如果是国有企业生产的零部件，那成本基本就是原材料成本）。

但美国的情况可不是这样。

pgdog888
China is already ahead. The last test China did. Broke the record China set.

中国已经领先了。中国上次进行的测试打破了自己创下的记录。

LokiTheGodofMischief
Their citizens want to be in STEM. Our citizens want to be social media influencers.

他们中国的公民想投身于科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）领域。而我们美国的公民却想成为社交媒体网红。

tabby842
In some cases it's even worse, people are coming up with their own pseudoscience cause anything stem makes them mad

在某些情况下，情况甚至更糟，人们编造出自己的伪科学理论，就因为任何与科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）相关的东西都会让他们抓狂。

samanthajones4877
Our kids wants to grow up to become basketball and football players while their kids wants to become the next Jack Ma or Elon Musk.

我们美国的孩子长大后想成为篮球运动员或足球运动员，而他们中国的孩子却想成为下一个马云或埃隆·马斯克。

dennish5150
China fusion: every countries can enjoy
America fusion: only white counties can enjoy.

中国的核聚变技术：所有国家都能受益享用。

美国的核聚变技术：只有白人国家能受益享用。

Reed-sh6wi
No, France did not break China's fusion record. China's record was for 100 million degrees Celsius, France was half that at 50 million degrees Celsius. Not the same.

不，法国并没有打破中国的核聚变记录。中国的记录是达到了一亿摄氏度，而法国达到的温度只是中国的一半，为五千万摄氏度。两者并不相同。

peterelliott2914
If the US wasn't such an aggressive and warlike country I'd feel a little sad watching it's decline

如果美国不是这样一个好斗且穷兵黩武的国家，看到它衰落我可能还会有点难过。

victorhuynh4031
US also said that the export ban on microchips to China would destroy China AI development. US ban China cooperation in space would stop China space exploration. US ban arms sold to China would stop China from acquiring high-tech military armaments. Nothing the US had been done could stop China development and progress in any industries and technologies.

美国还曾声称，对中国实施的微芯片出口禁令会摧毁中国的人工智能发展。美国禁止与中国在太空领域的合作，以为这样就能阻止中国的太空探索。美国禁止向中国出售武器，觉得这样就能阻止中国获取高科技军事装备。然而，美国所做的一切都无法阻止中国在任何产业和技术领域的发展与进步。

spencersl
People hate on China all the time and I definitely don’t like a lot of things they do. But their attitude is “what can we do to progress society forward” and the USA attitude is “I’ll do it if I can make money from it”.

人们总是无端指责中国，我也确实不喜欢中国做的一些事情。但他们中国的态度是 “我们能做些什么来推动社会向前发展”，而美国的态度却是 “如果我能从中赚钱，我才会去做”。

MGZetta
They say Chinese economy actually way smaller than they're telling us but it seems like they're investing more in almost every field you can think of. Are you sure China is not under reporting their actual wealth? Or perhaps GDP is not accurate way to calculate economy.

他们说中国经济的实际规模比中国所宣称的要小得多，但似乎中国在几乎你能想到的每个领域都加大了投资。你确定中国没有少报其实际财富吗？或者说，GDP也许并不是计算经济的准确方式。

opdmin
Do these experts know what 'hubris' means. We're better because we say we are, get over yourselves. Only real results matter not some vague exceptionalism mentality.

这些专家知道 “傲慢自大” 是什么意思吗？就因为我们自己说我们更优秀，我们就真的更优秀了？别自以为是了。只有真正的成果才重要，而不是抱着那种模糊的例外主义心态。

barryneild379
China is 3 years behind? China recently sustained 100 million degree plasma for over 1000 second twice of the temperature of the country hosting ITER achived almost two years later ...many dispute the counting method of input and output energy of 2022 input and output amount of the US positive energy claims

中国落后三年？中国最近让一亿摄氏度的等离子体持续了超过1000秒，而两年后举办国际热核聚变实验堆（ITER）项目的国家所达到的温度也只有中国的一半。

U23721
Have you been to china recently? Science and math are actually popular, but here in the states being intelligent is basically uncool and mocked.

你最近去过中国吗？科学和数学在中国其实很受欢迎，但在美国，聪明才智基本上被认为是不酷的，还会遭到嘲笑。

TruthNothingButTheTruth
Difference between China and the Soviet Union is China has a hybrid economy system which Command Economy exsting along side with Market Economy in the Private sector. This allows them to tab into resources and capitals that the Soviet do not have. Cannot underestimate China, with a massive population size and brains.

中国和苏联的区别在于，中国拥有一种混合经济体制，即在私营部门中，计划经济与市场经济并存。这使得中国能够利用苏联所没有的资源和资金。不能低估中国，毕竟它拥有庞大的人口数量和众多的人才。

eeplife9654
Truth is that China is already 3/4 years ahead of the USA. So USA should invest aggressively

事实上，中国已经领先美国三到四年了。所以美国应该大力投资核聚变技术。

CheeLiekHo
It is not a zero sum game. Whether who achieves first does not mean that the other cannot continue to progress.

这不是一场零和博弈。无论谁先取得成果，并不意味着另一方就不能继续发展进步。

junxu3110
Most people don't know China is building the world's first-ever nuclear power station using molten salt as the fuel carrier and coolant, and thorium as a fuel source. The thorium-based reactors are much safer than traditional nuclear reactors and have other advantages. The Chinese are finishing the facility this year with expected operation in 2030, followed by full-scale production.

大多数人不知道，中国正在建造世界上首座使用熔盐作为燃料载体和冷却剂、以钍作为燃料来源的核电站。钍基反应堆比传统核反应堆安全得多，并且还有其他优势。中国今年将完成该设施的建设，预计2030年投入运营，随后将进行大规模生产。

adnantariq3346
I’m sorry, but this title reads “How China could beat the US” honestly with all the advancements china has made, with it’s fantastic manufacturing capabilities of everything. The title should read, “How China has beat the US ages ago” and I’m in American. I understand the significance China has played in the entire world. Keep doing what you’re doing China, know that you have friends here in America

很抱歉，但标题写的是 “中国如何能击败美国”。说实话，鉴于中国已经取得的进步，以及其在各个领域出色的制造能力，标题应该改为 “中国早已击败了美国”。我是一个美国人。我理解中国在全世界所发挥的重要作用。中国，继续加油吧，要知道在美国也有你们的朋友。

froobreht
The simplistic contrast would be:
China doing that to improve the living standards of their billion+ of citizens, out of necessity, out of economic and societal and environmental considerations, in pursuit of continual quality improvement, in the plan/hope/desire for progress, and they do share their developments, they do invest and re-invest for and in other countries to help out other countries grow and as one means to improve bilateral relationships in the geopolitical stage, etc.
In USA, even though some things are founded or pioneered here, often, the rhetorics and the pathways end up being or escalating or continuously to make the Corporations and Billionaires richer and more powerful, the Military more embedded in other countries politics and stability/destablity/reliance/dependency, etc. And then some things that were founded or pioneered here can sometimes take longer (years to decades) to implement into practical approach in reality for numerous reasons. Some of the hurdles are self-defeating, etc.
Then the growing rhetorics have been more akin to increased paranoia, increased suspicions, increased scapegoating, increased blame shifting, increased propaganda, increased insecurities, etc.

简单对比一下：

中国发展核聚变等技术是出于必要，出于对经济、社会和环境的考量，是为了提高十几亿公民的生活水平，追求持续的质量提升，是基于对进步的规划、希望和渴望。而且中国确实会分享自己的发展成果，也会对其他国家进行投资和再投资，以帮助其他国家发展，这也是在地缘政治舞台上改善双边关系的一种方式等等。

在美国，尽管有些东西是在这里创立或开创的，但往往最终的做法都是为了让企业和亿万富翁变得更加富有和强大，让军队更深地介入其他国家的政治，以及影响这些国家的稳定或不稳定、依赖或依存关系等等。而且，有些在这里创立或开创的东西，由于种种原因，有时可能需要更长时间（数年甚至数十年）才能在现实中转化为实际可行的方案。其中一些障碍甚至是自相矛盾、适得其反的。

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